Saturday, January 25, 2020
Pluto Essays -- essays research papers
In the outer limits of our solar system there is a planet unlike any other, Pluto. Pluto was discovered in February of 1930 by an American astronomer, Clyde Tombaugh. It is the only planet to have been discovered by an American. All though we have known of the existence of Pluto for over thirty years now, there are still many mysteries surrounding this celestial body. Being the farthest planet has made it difficult to study Pluto, Adding to the obscurity of this strange planet is that the capability to send spacecraft such distances has never been achieved. Through the wonders of science and astronomy, there are many things that can be determined, concluded, and hypothesized about this obscure planet.      Pluto’s discovery was actually a fortunate accident. Clyde Tombaugh was searching for a ninth planet to explain inconsistencies in the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. Once further research was done regarding Pluto it was determined that the size of Pluto was too small to account for the irregularities of the orbits. Astronomers continued to search for a tenth planet, â€Å"Planet X.†The calculations that made scientists to believe this have since been proven incorrect by the Voyager 2. With the more accurate mass of Neptune that Voyager 2 was able to produce, the discrepancies of the orbit were explained. It is no longer believed that there is a tenth planet.      Since it’s discovery, the legitimacy of Pluto as actually being a planet, has long been debated. The numerous irregularities found when studying Pluto, coupled with its miniscule size has made it the object of controversy. For a while it was believed that Pluto could have possibly been another moon of the planet Neptune. This was often believed due to similarities between Pluto and the Neptune moon Triton. Triton and Pluto have similar surface and atmospheric properties, both being of near equal temperatures. Many believe that Triton was also once independent from Neptune, and that Triton, like Pluto, came from the Kuiper Belt explaining such relations. Also, both Pluto and Triton have very unusual orbits which does lead some to believe that there is a cosmic connection between the two.      Upon ruling out the possibility of Pluto being another moon of Neptune, Pluto was then classified by the International Astronomical Union ... ... it greatly differs from the Earth’s distance of 147.5 kilometers from the sun at perihelion. Astronomers can best study Pluto when it is at perihelion, unfortunately, it only happens once in its 248.8 year orbit.      As we continue to extend out reach to the outer solar system, we are constantly learning more and more about Pluto. While the information that astronomers have is limited, every piece helps them to make further hypothesis about the planet. In just a short time Astronomers have been able to make great leaps gathering information to better understand Pluto. Hopefully, with continued space travel and research, we can continue to learn about the unusual planet.                Sources †¢Ã‚     www.solarviews.com/eng/pluto.htm †¢Ã‚     www.nineplanets.org/pluto.html †¢Ã‚     nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/plutopage.html †¢Ã‚     www.lowell.edu/users/buie/pluto/pluto.html †¢Ã‚     IAU press release from January 1999. â€Å"The status of Pluto: A clarification Pluto Essays -- essays research papers In the outer limits of our solar system there is a planet unlike any other, Pluto. Pluto was discovered in February of 1930 by an American astronomer, Clyde Tombaugh. It is the only planet to have been discovered by an American. All though we have known of the existence of Pluto for over thirty years now, there are still many mysteries surrounding this celestial body. Being the farthest planet has made it difficult to study Pluto, Adding to the obscurity of this strange planet is that the capability to send spacecraft such distances has never been achieved. Through the wonders of science and astronomy, there are many things that can be determined, concluded, and hypothesized about this obscure planet.      Pluto’s discovery was actually a fortunate accident. Clyde Tombaugh was searching for a ninth planet to explain inconsistencies in the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. Once further research was done regarding Pluto it was determined that the size of Pluto was too small to account for the irregularities of the orbits. Astronomers continued to search for a tenth planet, â€Å"Planet X.†The calculations that made scientists to believe this have since been proven incorrect by the Voyager 2. With the more accurate mass of Neptune that Voyager 2 was able to produce, the discrepancies of the orbit were explained. It is no longer believed that there is a tenth planet.      Since it’s discovery, the legitimacy of Pluto as actually being a planet, has long been debated. The numerous irregularities found when studying Pluto, coupled with its miniscule size has made it the object of controversy. For a while it was believed that Pluto could have possibly been another moon of the planet Neptune. This was often believed due to similarities between Pluto and the Neptune moon Triton. Triton and Pluto have similar surface and atmospheric properties, both being of near equal temperatures. Many believe that Triton was also once independent from Neptune, and that Triton, like Pluto, came from the Kuiper Belt explaining such relations. Also, both Pluto and Triton have very unusual orbits which does lead some to believe that there is a cosmic connection between the two.      Upon ruling out the possibility of Pluto being another moon of Neptune, Pluto was then classified by the International Astronomical Union ... ... it greatly differs from the Earth’s distance of 147.5 kilometers from the sun at perihelion. Astronomers can best study Pluto when it is at perihelion, unfortunately, it only happens once in its 248.8 year orbit.      As we continue to extend out reach to the outer solar system, we are constantly learning more and more about Pluto. While the information that astronomers have is limited, every piece helps them to make further hypothesis about the planet. In just a short time Astronomers have been able to make great leaps gathering information to better understand Pluto. Hopefully, with continued space travel and research, we can continue to learn about the unusual planet.                Sources †¢Ã‚     www.solarviews.com/eng/pluto.htm †¢Ã‚     www.nineplanets.org/pluto.html †¢Ã‚     nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/plutopage.html †¢Ã‚     www.lowell.edu/users/buie/pluto/pluto.html †¢Ã‚     IAU press release from January 1999. â€Å"The status of Pluto: A clarification
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Kraske or jackknife position
IntroductionIn this variation of the prone position, the patient’s head and feet are both lower than the hips. The jackknife position is used most frequently for proctologic procedures. It is also the gold standard in anorectal surgical procedures (Kneedler & Dodge, 1994).PositioningThe patient is either anesthetized supine and turned prone, or is placed in position before spinal anesthetic is administered. The hips are on a pillow or towel directly over the table break and the table is flexed 90Â º, with the head and legs down. The patient’s arms are on arm boards with hands toward the head. The buttocks may be separated by wide tape placed at the level of the anus on both sides and secured to the table. The patient is taken out of the position by first flattening the table and then reversing the order of movements into the prone position. Arms are usually positioned over the head for turning (Bailey & Snyder, 2000).Anesthesia FactorsOne of the most common concerns ab out the prone jack knife position is the safety of the airway during anesthesia. Patients are occasionally placed in lithotomy position rather than the preferred prone jack knife position because of the concern for the airway. While patient safety is a prime concern, there are no reports of the loss of control of airway during repositioning. Although this lack of evidence does not exclude individual episodes, it does indicate that the heightened awareness has probably minimized the risk to the patient to an acceptable level (Jaffe & Samuels, 2004).Patient FactorsIndividual physical limitations of the patients occasionally prevent the use of the jack knife position. Physical factors that would prevent a patient from lying prone on the operating table, such as obesity, pregnancy, and tense ascites, may require the use of a different position. Orthopedic considerations, such as hip and knee joint problems, long leg casts, and kyphosis may be contraindications to this position. In these relatively rare circumstances, consideration should be given to the lateral position.Perhaps the single most important patient factor is the shape of the buttocks (or depth of the gluteal cleft). It was found to be an important factor in determining the patient position and type of anesthesia to be used in the procedure (Spry, 1997).Surgeon FactorsThe primary reason that many surgeons prefer the prone jack knife position is the excellent visibility provided during anorectal procedures. The exposure provided for office procedures, such as excision of thrombosed external hemorrhoids or drainage of abscesses is not equaled by other positions. In the operating room, whether the surgeon is dissecting the rectum off of the prostate or vagina in an abdominoperineal resection or preserving the internal sphincter during a mucosectomy for ulcerative colitis, visibility and lighting are key factors. Since the gluteal cleft is in horizontal rather than a vertical orientation in the prone jack knife position, illumination can be provided with overhead lights rather than headlamps. Similarly, more than one person can visualize the operating field without crowding or being in an awkward body position (Bailey & Snyder, 2000).Physiologic FactorsThe jack knife position has been described as the most precarious of surgical positions. Both respiration and circulation can be most adversely affected. Vital capacity is reduced due to restricted diaphragmatic movement and increased blood volume in the lungs, reducing lung compliance (Kneedler & Dodge, 1994).Careful positioning of patients when they are under anesthesia is crucial. Most surgeons focus on the avoiding damage to peripheral nerves from prolonged pressure when positioning patients. However, an even more significant risk to overall patient well-being can result from the unintended consequences of anesthesia that may affect patient physiology. They include compression of arteries, impairment of venous return, limitation of ventilation, and blood pooling. Many authors have examined the prone jack knife position to assess the potential physiologic impact.There are mixed reports about the cardiac effects of the prone jack knife position. If the patient is improperly positioned, transmitted pressure on the vena cava may cause blood pooling in the lower extremities and result in decreased venous return. In one study, when patients were turned from the supine to the prone position there was a temporary decrease in cardiac index; however, when the patients were placed in the prone jack knife position the cardiac index returned to the level seen in the supine position.There was no change in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance with change from the supine position to the prone jack-knife position, but there was a decrease in the left ventricular stroke work index and a significant increase in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Overall, the effects of the jack knife positio n were comparable to other surgical positions and were believed to be manageable by experienced anesthesiologists.The effect of posture on pulmonary physiology in general and the specific effect of the prone jack knife position on vital capacity have been examined. When patients in the sitting positing are considered to be baseline, there is a 9% decrease in vital capacity in the supine position, a 12.5% decrease in the jack knife position, and an 18% decrease in the lithotomy position. The reduction in vital capacity is due to obstruction of the movement of the diaphragm and to a lesser extent to the restriction of the anteroposterior movement of the ribs. This modest decrease is tolerated by most patients but merits careful monitoring during conscious sedation and general anesthesia (Bailey & Snyder, 2000).References:Bailey, H. R., & Snyder, M. J. (2000). Ambulatory Anorectal Surgery. New York: Springer.Jaffe, R. A., & Samuels, S. I. (2004). Anesthesiologist's Manual of Surgical P rocedures (3rd ed.). New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Kneedler, J. A., & Dodge, G. H. (1994). Perioperative Patient Care: The Nursing Perspective (3rd ed.). Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Spry, C. (1997). Essentials of Perioperative Nursing (2nd ed.). Gaithersburg, Maryland: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
How to Maximize your Internship 2019
Summer time is internship time. Thousands of college students are out there getting ready to do their summer internships. This is a critical time to get that experience and networking exposure that could pay big dividends in the form of a full time gig sometime in the near future. If you want to learn how to maximize your internship, read on to find out how to do it. 1. Have a goal of what you want to learn Having a clear head about your internship objectives will make the experience better. Are you trying to figure out if you like the field? Are you wanting to learn a new skill? Trying to pad your resume? If you want to maximize your internship you are going to have to write down your objectives. 2. Do not segregate yourself What that means, is do not separate yourself from the regular work population by just hanging out with other interns. Make it a point to network with regular employees. It might be uncomfortable to hang out with older people, but they are the ones who can really help your career. Resist the urge of just hanging out with your peer group the whole time. .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe:active, .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u9b372f4f382cc851566d7675fc657bfe:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ You and a Career in Advertising3. Take it seriously A lot of internships are simply dress rehearsals for the real thing. If you want to be taken seriously, then you have to act serious, and take the work serious. If you make a mistake, do not brush it off. Take responsibility for it and do what you can to fix it. 4. Pay attention to how things work Go into sponge mode and absorb everything around you. Organizations are filled with little nuances that clue you in on how stuff works. Ask if you can attend meetings and functions that you might not otherwise get the chance to. This will help you get a feel for the work world that you are going to spend the next 40 years in. 5. Ask for feedback from management Knowing what your strengths and weaknesses moving forward is key. Ask your manager for feedback on your performance. Do so in the form of asking for advice. .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a:active, .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u6dde7494a1f7cd15d8c45d3b7761ee2a:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The Information Technology Industry's Fast Growth6. Learn from co-workers Ask a lot of questions from co workers who you see as successful. Ask them about their career trajectory, how they got into the field, and what things they did to be successful. You will find that the vast majority will willingly share with you the things they did to be successful. And best of all, they may want to help you get your big break. 7. Ask for advice Talk to people about your future plans, and ask for advice. Be careful that you only ask advice of those who are successful. 8. Be thankful One of the biggest things you can do is thank the people who have helped you. Write a thank you card as well as thanking them verbally. Take the time to show your gratitude, and they may want to go out of their way again for you in the future. .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6:active, .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ua3b87bee3f4baee7fe01579ef0e9c7c6:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Accelerated BSN Degree Specialize in Oncology Nursing with a Bachelor of ScienceRelated ArticlesTop Internship Mistakes to AvoidHow to find the Perfect Part Time JobEarning a Technology DegreeInternational Business Associate Working Professionals Find Free Time for SchoolReasons Why You Shoul Become a TeacherThe Trials and Tribulations of a Distance Learning MBA
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